Ductility-testing machine



T. Y. OLSEN.

DUCTILITY TESTING MACHINE.

' Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

6 SHEETS SHEET 2.

T. Y. OLSEN.

DUCTILITY TESTING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED APR.6.1917.

1,371,050, Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W/ A 9 ik 4 (5 T. Y. OLSEN.

DucTlLlTY TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6, 1917.

1,371,050. Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

T. Y. OLSEN.

DUCTILITY vTESTING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APII. 6, |917.

6 SHEETS- Jig@ lla, @f5/few X-cw.

T. Y. OLSEN.

DUCTILITY TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6. 1917.

1,37 1,050. Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Iw fx UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THORSTEN Y. OLS-EN, F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNR TO TINIUS OLSEN TESTING MACHINE COMPANY, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A

CGRPGRATION 0F PENNSYLVANIA.

DUCTILI'I'Y-TESTING MACHINE.

Application led April 6,

To all 'whom t may concern.' Y

Be it known that l, THons'rEN \1. 'Qi.sisi:-i, a citizen oi the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented Ductility-Testing Machines, of which the following is a specilication.

@ne object of this invention is to provide a substantial and conveniently operated machine for determining the workability of or the drawing, stamping and certain other qualities oi metal sheets the invention more particularly having to do with novel means for holding and applying stress to a sheet under examination in order to test its ductility.

A further object of my invention is to provide a machine of the above type with novel and relatively simple means :tor indicating or determining the amount of deformation of a sheet tested to determine its ductility.

These objects and other advantageous ends l'secure as hereinafter set forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a side elevation and a plan of a testing machine constructed according to my invention;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section talren in a plane passing through the hand wheel spindle;

Figs. e and 5 are horizontal sections on the lines 4 1 and 5 5, Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line 6 6, Fig. e;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view oi' a sheet after it has been subjected to test in my improved machine;

Fig. 8 is a central vertical section of a slightly modied form of my testing machine;

F ig. 9 is a fragmentary vertical section of the machine shown in F ig. 8, taken in a plane at right angles to that of the latter figure; and

Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively a front elevation and a central vertical section of another modiied form of my invention equipped with means for measuring the height of the projected portion of a test piece and also with a device for indicating the force or pressure applied to said test piece.

1n Figs. 1 to 9 of the above drawings 1 represents a generally cylindrical body structure consisting of a casting having a side ex- Specication of Letters Patent.

191.7. Serial No. 160,140.

tension 2 in which is journaled a horizontally extending shaft 3. Said body is connected by bolts 4 to a circular base structure 5 having a central, upwardlyprojecting portionv 6 provided with a vertical passageway in which a spindle 7 is slidable.,

The lower end of the spindle 7 has ahead 8 to limit its upward movement and is prevented from turning in the bearing or guideway 6 by suitable means such as a key 9, which extends into a vertical keyway formed in the structure 6. rllhe upper portion of the spindle 7 is threaded and has mounted on it a nut 10 connected to or forming part of a beveled gear wheel 11 which meshes with a beveled pinion 12 fixed to the inner end of the horizontal shaft 3. rlhis latter shaft has :fastened to it a hand wheel 13. Suitable antii'riction bearings 14e are mounted between a pair of annular bearing plates 15 and 16 respectively engaged with the adjacent faces oi' the part 6 oit' the base 5 and of the beveled gear 11.

rlhe body 1 has a vertical passage in line with the vertical spindle 7 and its upper face is formed with a cylindrical depression whose interior wall is threaded :tor the recep tion of a correspondingly termed thread on the external surface oi' a plate-holding inember 17 in the form of an annular structure having a lange projecting outwardly from its upper edge to constitute a hand wheel 18. This annular member is also provided with a downwardly extending beveled edge 19 closely fitting around the upper end of the body structure 1, which as shown in Fig. 1, has an index or zero mark 2O placed to coact with a micrometer scale on said edge 19.

A suitable die 21 of relatively hard metal is set in the under face of the clamping member 17 which has a central downwardly tapering cavity extending into and through said die. The bottom of the recess into which the holding member 17 is screwed likewise has set in it a hardened plate or die 22 likewise having an opening concentric with the center line of the spindle 7 as well as with the opening in the die 21.

For measuring the movement of the spindle, I provide a small gear 23 fixed to the nut 10 and meshing with a second gear 24 threaded on a vertically slidable spindle 25 whose upper and lower ends respectively enter openings in the body 1 and base structure Patented Mar. s, 192i.

1 riphery of the ear 24 is graduated or provided with a sca e designe to coperate with an indicating bar 26 which, through a block 7 is rigidly fastened to the vertically movable spindle 25. This bar 26 is graduated downwardly from a zero line which may be brought to the same level as the straight edgel of the top of the opening inthe body or frame structure 1 in which the gear 24 is mounted, and the block 27 is guided in a vertical slot 29 yextending downwardly fro'm\ said opening.

,The body structure 1 has adjacent its upper enda transverse opening or passage throu h which a plate to be tested may be introuced to the space between the die plates 21' and 22. The threaded spindle 7 at itsl upper end' carries a removable head 31, recessed in its upper face for the reception of a hardened metal ball or other plate engaging member 32 of less diameter than the opening in the die 21 and it 1s noted that the latter projects below the lower face of the holding member 17 so as to engage a plate inserted through the opening 30, and, whenv said member is screwed down upon it, clamp such plate against the die plate 22.v

The various parts are so pro ortioned and adjusted thatthe zero mark o the v ertically movable scale 26 is coincident-w1th or at the level of the upper edge of the opening 28 when the ball 32 is just touching the under surface of a test p tween the die plates 21 and 22, and before testing such a plate, the member 17 1s unscrewed or backed ofi' a redetermined small distance so that said p ate is free to move laterally.

When therefore the shaft 3 is turned by means of the hand wheel 18, the gears 12 and 11 and consequently the nut 10 are likewlse turned so that the vertical shaft 7 is forced upwardly toward the test plate,- the ball 32 being thus caused to force the adjacent portions of said plate upwardly through the opening inthe .die 21, drawing it out in a more or less conical or domelike form until it breaks or cracks at some point on the side of such drawn out portion. The ductility as well as certain other qualities ofthe plate under test is indicated or made observable not only by the condition of the ressed out part as at the time of rupture, hut also by its height, and this may be measured by noting the division of the scale 26 which lies opposite the upper edge of ,the opening 28 when breakage of the test piece occurs, since the rotation of the nut 10 likewise turns the gears 23 and 24:, and the rotation of the latter causes a corresponding upward movement of the spindle 25 and scale 26. The thickness of the plate under test may be accurately measured by the use of the scale on the beveled edge 19 of the ate clamped be.

holding member and the index niark on the body.

If desired I may construct the machine as shown in Fig. 9, with a beveled gear wheel 36 coninedin a cavity .in the lower part of the body 1a by means of a base plate 5. In this case the vertical spindle 7a is threaded into a threaded opening in the body and passes loosely through the beveled gear 36, whlch however, is splined to fit by a key 9". In thls form of the invention there is a pasl sage 30a throu h the top part of the body 1P i in which is mounted the bevel gear 36, and

in this passage the spindle 7 has mounted on it a graduated disk 41, designed to coact with a vertically extending indicator 42 which is also graduated, to determine the depth of indentation of a test sheet by the spindle 7a.

As before the beveled `gear on the spindle 7 1 is driven by a beveled pinion 12 fixed to a horizontal shaft 3 whose u per endis designed for` the reception o a hand wheel, and under conditions of use a plate to be tested is indented or pressed out by the rounded end of the spindle, until it ruptures. i

While that form of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, involves the provision of a nut 10 constituting the hubof a beveled gear 11, I'may under certain conditions, substitute fcr this structure a worm wheel 50 and drive it by a worm 51 fixed to the shaft 3a in any suitable manner. 0bviously said shaft, as shownin Figs. 10 and 11, extends in a line to one side of the center lineof the spindle 7 and as before has fixed to it an operating wheel 13.

If desired, I may utilize a measuring device such as that shown in Figs. 10 vand 11,

either in place of or in conjunction with the measuring apparatus shown in Fig. 1, so mounting this that it shall be actuated directly by the displaced portion of the plate under test. For this purpose I loosely mount a ring 52 concentrically within the central and'usually conical cavity or passageway in the member 17 and rigidly con` nect to or form integral with said ring a spider-like structure 53 4on which is carried any suitable instrument for measuring and indicating movement, such for example as an Ames dial. This includes a dial 54 carried by the spider structure 53, together lll with certain mechanism whose detail construction constitutes no part of the present invention and a vertically extending bar 55 which projects downward in the center line of the spindle 7 so as to-be capable of engaging the surface of the plate under test.

After such a plate has been mounted in the space BO, the instrument is so adjusted that when the bar 55 engages its upper surface, the indicator or pointer 56 stands at zero. The face of the dial 54 is so graduated that as said bar 55 is moved upwardly by the displacement of the part of the plate under test, the pointer 56 coperates w ith\k the graduations of the dial or scale to give direct readings of the distance from the apex of the displaced portion to the plane of the top surface of the plate.

ln order to measure or indicate the force exerted upon the plate under test at any parannular recess of a ring 58 carried upon the top face of the bearing or guideway str ucture 6a, the top surface of said ring being engaged by an annular plate or washer' 59 which in turn is acted on by one of the bearing plates l5 for the anti-friction bearing 14a. The annular casing or liquid-containing bag is made of suitable flexible metal and is connected through a conduit 6l with a pressure recording instrument 562, having an indicator 63 and provided with graduations, preferably arranged to read directly units of pressure per unit of area.

"hith the above described arrangement of parts it willl be understood that the operation of the shaft 51 and the consequent engagement of the plate under test by the upper end of the spindle 7, causes the latter, through the hub of the worin wheel 50, to exert compressive stress upon the liquidcontaining casing 57 and thus so actuate the force-indicating pointer 63 as to give a reading of the force exerted by said spindle upon the plate.

l claim l. The combination in a testing machine of a body threaded at one end; a perforated holding member adjustably threaded on said body; a threadedl indenting spindle guided by the body and movable toward and from the opening in said holding member, there being a passage in the body for the admission of a test plate between the holding and indenting members; with means for actuating said indenting member.

2. The combination in a testing machine of a body having a cavity and a base member; a gear mounted in said cavity between a part of the body and said base member; a longitudinally movable spindle extending ber; a gear mounted in said cavity between a part of the body and said base member; a longitudinally movable spindle extending through said gear; a member for loosely holding a test .plate to the body in position to be acted on by said indenting spindle;

'ing of a shaft extending at right angles thereto; a gear on said shaft engaging said first gear; and means for forcibly turning the shaft.

4. The combination in a testing machine of a hollow body; a base structure detachably connected to said body; two coacting beveled gears mounted in the hollow .of the body; a power actuated shaft connected to one of said gears; a threaded shaft actuated by the other gear; anda plate holding member having a threaded opening in the line of movement of said threaded shaft, there being an opening in the body placed to permit a plate to be introduced between the holding member and the end of the threaded shaft.

5. The combination in a testing machine of a hollow body; a longitudinally movable shaft nonrotatably held by said body; means including a nut for actuating said shaft; and a member for loosely holding a plate to the body, the latter having an opening placedto permit of the introduction of a plate between one end of said shaft and the holding member.

6. The combination in a testing machine of a body; a threaded shaft longitudinally movable therein; means for holding a plate in position to be indented by said shaft; means for preventing rotation of the shaft; a nut threaded on the shaft vfor causing 1ongitudinal movement thereof; means for actuating the nut; a gear on the nut; a second gear meshing with said first gear and having a graduated portion; with an indicator placed to coperate with the graduations of said second gear.

7. The combination in a testing machine of a body; a threaded shaft longitudinally movable therein; means for holding a plate in position to be indented by said shaft; means for preventing rotation of said shaft; a nut threaded on the shaft for causing longitudinal movement thereof; means 'for actuating the nut; a gear on the nut; a second gear meshing with said first gear and having a graduated portion; with an indicator placed to coperate with the graduations of the second gear.

and means for actuating the gear to longitudinally move the spindle, consist- 8. The combinationin a testing machine of a body having in its top an internally threaded recess and provided with a transverse passage to be teste a perforated holding member threaded into'said recess and having a graduated flange coperatin with an adjacent portion of the body; a on tudinally movable indenting member gui ed in the body and means for moving said indenting member toward a plate retained by the holding member to force the latter through the opening in the latter.

9. The combination in a testing machine of a body having a threaded upper portion and provided with a transverse passage for the introduction of a plate to be tested; an annular holding member threaded to the threaded upper portion of said body; a longitudinally movable indenting member guided in the body; and means for moving said member toward a plate retainedby the holding member to force said plate through the opening in the latter.

10. The combination in a testing machine of means for holding a plate tocbe tested; a threaded spindle mounted so as to be movable toward and from the plate under test; a threaded structure engaging the threaded s indle; and a device for measuring the tllirust of the spindle upon said threaded structure, for indicating the force exerted by the spindle upon the plate under test.

11. The combination in a testin machine of means for holding a plate to e tested; an indenting member movable toward and for the introduction of a plate 'fromthe plate; means for actuating said member to cause it to indent. one sldeof the plate and laterally displace a portion of the same on the opposite side thereof; with an instrument including a member engaging the displaced portionfiof-the p1ate,'

fory measuring the amount' of projection thereof.

12. The combination in a testing machine of a frame; means for holding a plate to said frame including a plate engaging member having a passage therein a spindle movable toward and from the'passage of said member; meansfor actuating the spindle to cause it to laterally displace a portion of the plate into said passage of the holding I member; with an instrument mounted on the holdmg" member and including a bar extending in the passage thereof, for measuring the displacement of the portion of the holding member vso as' to actuate. the bar of the measuring instrument.

In Witness whereof I aiix my signature.

THORSTEN Y. OLSEN. 

